Understanding Painkillers

Jae Hoon
Jan 25, 2022
2 min read

Updated: Jan 30, 2022

Painkillers, as the name suggests, are drugs used to relieve pain. Painkillers can come in many forms: capsuls, creams, patches, ointment, tablets, syrups, and injections. The 3 common types of painkillers are NSAIDs, Paracetamol, Opioids.

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NSAIDs

NSAIDs are painkilling drugs that block the production of substances known as prostaglandins, which are a kind of molecule involved in pain and inflammation. NSAIDs are not all created equal, and some function in somewhat different ways than others. Examples include ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and aspirin. Possible side effects include stomach and intestinal hemorrhage, as well as cardiovascular issues. When used correctly, the benefit typically outweighs any possible risks.

Paracetamol

Paracetamol is used to treat pain and to lower a high temperature. It works by blocking COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord. However, it does not help with inflammation - this is why it is still taken by some people with severe aches and pains. Examples include paracetamol brands. For side effects, if you take too many paracetamols (overdose) it can damage your liver permanently and you could die. Overdoses happen by mistake, but some people intentionally take an overdose.

Opioids

Opioids are painkillers that have the potential to make you more sensitive to pain, and increase your tolerance for pain. Opioids work by binding to certain receptors (opioid receptors) in your central nervous system and other parts of your body. This leads to a decrease in the way you feel pain and your reaction to pain. Examples of weak opioids include codeine and dihydrocodeine. For side effects, opioids can cause people to become dependent on taking higher and higher doses of painkillers.

Can I buy painkillers?

You can buy different painkillers, including paracetamol and some NSAIDs. However, weaker opioids, such as codeine, are only available to buy in combination. The dose of codeine in these combination tablets is lower than the doses your doctor can prescribe for you.

Who cannot take painkillers?

It is quite unusual for someone to be unable to take pain medication. If you have experienced a major adverse effect or an allergic response to a painkiller, you may not be authorized to use it. Even if this occurs, your doctor may typically assist you in selecting a new pain reliever.